Under different temperature environments, the mechanical properties of Special-Shaped Ceramic Structural Parts will change significantly.
In a low-temperature environment, the thermal movement of molecules in ceramic materials slows down, and the bonding force between atoms is relatively enhanced. This results in the hardness of Special-Shaped Ceramic Structural Parts generally increasing. For example, near the temperature of liquid nitrogen (-196°C), the hardness of some ceramic structural parts may increase by 10% - 20% compared to normal temperature. At the same time, its brittleness will further increase. This is because low temperature inhibits the plastic deformation mechanism inside the material. When subjected to external force, cracks are more likely to occur and expand rapidly, leading to brittle fracture of structural parts. From a strength perspective, the compressive strength may not change much, but the tensile and flexural strengths may decrease due to increased brittleness.
As temperatures rise, the situation becomes complicated. Within a certain temperature range, the strength and hardness of Special-Shaped Ceramic Structural Parts may gradually decrease. For example, when the temperature rises from room temperature to 300°C - 500°C, its strength may decrease by 5% - 10%. This is because the increase in temperature intensifies the thermal vibration of atoms and weakens the bonding force between atoms, resulting in a decrease in the material's load-bearing capacity. In this temperature range, the toughness of ceramic structural parts may improve slightly. Because higher temperatures allow some microscopic defects within the material to be repaired to a certain extent, and the mobility of atoms is enhanced, which can produce a certain amount of plastic deformation when subjected to external forces to buffer stress concentration and reduce the occurrence of cracks.
When the temperature continues to increase to higher levels, such as approaching the melting point of ceramic materials, the mechanical properties will decrease sharply. At this point, the ceramic structural part may soften and its strength and hardness will be significantly reduced. For some high-temperature ceramic materials, although their melting points are high, at high temperatures close to the melting point, the crystalline phase structure inside the material may change, such as grain boundary slippage, resulting in poor mechanical properties.
The influence of these temperatures on the mechanical properties of Special-Shaped Ceramic Structural Parts is very critical in practical applications. For example, in the aerospace field, aircraft will experience high-temperature environments when crossing the atmosphere, and special-shaped ceramic thermal protection structural parts must be able to withstand such high temperatures and maintain sufficient mechanical properties to ensure the safety of the aircraft. In polar equipment or superconducting equipment in low-temperature environments, the low-temperature mechanical properties of ceramic structural parts also need to be considered to avoid damage under low-temperature working conditions.
